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Global warming has caused Arctic Sea ice to rapidly retreat.This affects phytoplankton,which are the primary producers at the base of the food chain,as well as the entire ecosystem.However,few studies with large spatial scales related to the Arctic Basin at high latitudes have been conducted.This study analyzed 50 surface and 62 vertically stratified water samples from the western Arctic Ocean(67.0°88'26"N,152.5-169°W)collected by the Chinese icebreaker Xuelong from July 20 to August 30,2010 during China's fourth Arctic expedition.Using these samples,we determined the species composition and succession,the horizontal and vertical distribution,and the regional disparities of the phytoplankton during different stages of ice melt.A total of 157 phytoplankton taxa(> 5 μm)belonging to 69 genera were identified in the study area.The most abundant species were Navicula pelagica and Thalassiosira nordenskioldi,accounting for 31.23%and 14.12%of the total phytoplankton abundance,respectively.