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A Three-dimensional variational data assimilation system for fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) has been developed for WRF/Chem.The analysis variables consist of PM2.5 and their individual species, including elemental carbon, organic carbon, nitrate, and sulfate.This system thus has the capability of assimilating PM2.5 and species measurements simultaneously.Model simulations are used to estimate background error covariances.