AIM Our previous study has demonstrated the therapeutic potential of bone marrow derived-neural stem cells (BM-NSCs) in CNS disorders; however, the beneficial effects are modest duo to the poor survival and low neural differentiation frequency.In this study, a new pharmacologic strategy targeted at anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation to promote the survival and differentiation of BM-NSCs thereby enhancing their therapeutic efficacy was investigated.METHODS We firstly generated and identified the BM-NSCs, then investigated the influnence of Sal B on proliferation and differentiation of the cells in the non-permissive circumstances by immunocytochemical staining, flow cytometry and ELISA assay.RESULTS We demonstrate that Sal B possesses the ability to promote BM-NSCs proliferation in a dose dependent manner; While in differentiation medium, Sal B promoted nestin+BM-NSCs differentiated into greater numbers of NeuN+ and NF-M + neurons; upon exposure to H2O2, Sol B exerted neuroprotective effects against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity, facilitating the cells survival in oxidative stress, inhibiting the apoptosis and LDH leakage,displaying a dose-dependent protective effects on BM-NSCs.All of the above activities may be associated with the induction of a crucial NSC-related growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in BM-NSCs.CONCLUSION Sol B may be a potential drug to upgrade the therapeutic efficiency of BM-NSCs in CNS diseases.