The fission yeast Schizosaccharomycespombeis an excellent model organism for the study of eukaryotic molecular and cellular biology, because many essential biological and molecular processes are conserved between fission yeast and human. Studies of S. pombe have led to the discovery of genes involved in fundamental mechanisms of transcription, translation, DNA replication, cell cycle control, signal transduction, and so on. It has also been used to elucidate the underlying mechanism involved in altered drug susceptibility and to identify genes targeted by drugs.UsingS.pombe haploid nonessentialdeletion library, we performed genome-wide screens for altered sensitivity to several antifungalsas well as anticancer drugs, and identified a number of genes and pathways associated with the sensitivity and resistance to these drugs.Using this model organism, we also studied on the underlying mechanism of antifungal drugs, and found transcription factor regulated by azoles and their novel roles in antifungal actions. Our study demonstrates that azoles activate stress-activated MAP kinase pathway, thereby facilitating Atf1-mediated transcription for antifungal effects.