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建筑物在使用过程中,其结构混凝土的强度和砖石砌体的强度并不是确定不变的量,而是在耐久性的影响下发生变化的。作为安全保证的强度是在耐久性影响下的强度,并非原来的设计强度。建筑物的结构强度,随着使用时间的增长,变化是十分复杂的,影响因素也是很多的,在正常条件下建筑物的安全使用期约为50~100年。但实际上,建筑物由于受到所在地区、土质条件、施工状况、所处环境、使用条件等多种因素的影响而遭受破坏,一般都要经过大修才能达到上述期限。因此当建筑物在竣工验收缺乏技术资料,或由于温度、湿度、冻融、风化、腐蚀、超载、疲劳、振动等的作用致使建筑物的结构强度下降,以及由于工艺变革、设备更新需要改造时,常常要求对结构物上的材质进行实际强度鉴定。近年来国内外科技工作者都在研究和使用非破损检测结构物的强度,但是这些测试方法大都是以测试结构物的其他物理指标来推断其强度的,这就必然要引入各种指标推算的误差,常要以钻芯法对照检测,以提高非破损法检测的精度。钻取芯样法检测结构混凝土的抗压强度和冲击法检测砂浆及粘土砖强度是最能直接反映实际情况的鉴定方法,这对已有建筑物的管理、检验、鉴定、加固、改造提供了更为有效的手段。已有建筑物结构强度的检测是一个有关经济和安全的极为重要的问题,有许多特殊的问题需要解决,随着今后测试技术的不断发展,检测方法将会更加完善,更具有可靠性。
During the use of a building, the strength of the structural concrete and the strength of the masonry masonry are not determined to be constant, but change under the influence of durability. The strength of safety assurance is the strength under the influence of durability, not the original design strength. The structural strength of buildings, with the increase in the use of time, the change is very complex, there are many influencing factors, under normal conditions, the safe use of buildings is about 50 to 100 years. However, in reality, buildings are damaged due to various factors such as the location, soil conditions, construction conditions, environment, and conditions of use. Generally, they must undergo major repairs before they can reach the above-mentioned deadlines. Therefore, when the building is lacking in technical data due to completion acceptance, or due to the effects of temperature, humidity, freezing and thawing, weathering, corrosion, overload, fatigue, vibration, etc., the structural strength of the building is degraded, and due to process changes and equipment renewal needs to be reconstructed. , It often requires the actual strength of the material on the structure to be identified. In recent years, scientists at home and abroad have studied and used the strength of non-destructive testing structures, but most of these testing methods use the other physical indicators of the test structures to infer their strengths. This will inevitably lead to the introduction of various indicators. Errors are often controlled by drill core method to improve the accuracy of non-destructive testing. Drilling core sample method to measure the compressive strength of structural concrete and impact method to measure the strength of mortar and clay brick are the identification methods that can directly reflect the actual situation. This provides the management, inspection, identification, reinforcement and transformation of existing buildings. More effective means. The detection of the structural strength of existing buildings is an extremely important issue related to economy and security. There are many special problems that need to be solved. With the continuous development of testing technologies in the future, the detection methods will be more complete and reliable.