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目的:毛冬青,又名茶叶冬青,为冬青科冬青属植物毛冬青(Ilex pubescens Hook et Arn)的干燥根。主产于中国长江流域以南各省。毛冬青为常绿灌木或小乔木,其功效有活血通络,清热解毒,消肿止痛,临床上主要用于治疗冠心病、心绞痛和脉管炎等。课题组前期研究结果表明,毛冬青的皂苷部位具有较好的抗炎镇痛活性,同时发现了一系列三萜皂苷类化合物,本课题进一步对毛冬青的化学成分进行研究,期望能够获得更多结构新颖且具有活性的单体化合物,为药效评价及作用机制研究提供物质基础。方法:采用硅胶柱、ODS开放柱、Sephadex LH-20等多种柱色谱以及反相高效液相色谱法对毛冬青根70%乙醇提取物进行化学成分的分离,根据理化性质和波谱数据确定化合物的结构。结果:从毛冬青根70%乙醇提取物中共分离得到33个化合物,其结构分别为3β-[α-L-rha mnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-xylopyranosyl]-urs-19-oxo-18,19-se coursa-11,13(18)-dien-28-oic acid(QP-1)、β-D-glucopyranosyl 3β-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-xylopyranosyl]-urs-19-oxo-18,19-secoursa-11,13(18)-dien-28-oate(QP-2)、β-D-glucopyranosyl 3β-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glu copyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-xylopyranosyl]-olean-12-en-28-oate(QP-3)、β-D-glucopyranosyl3β-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-xylopyranosyl]-29α-hyd roxyurs-olean-12-en-28-oate(QP-4)、β-D-glucopyranosyl 3β-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-xylopyranosyl]-urs-9(11),12-dien-28-oate(QP-5)、β-Dglucopyranosyl 3β-β-D-xylopyranosyl-urs-12,20(30)-dien-28-oate(QP-6)、β-D-glucopyran osyl 3β-[(2-O-sulfo-β-D-xylopyranosyl)oxy]-19α-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oate(QP-7)、(E)-((2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-(2,6-dimethoxy-4-(1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)phenoxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxyt etrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)methyl-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acrylate(QP-8)、(E)-((2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(2-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-methoxypro poxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)methyl3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acrylate(QP-9)、((2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-(2,6-dimethoxy-4-(1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)phenoxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)methyl4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoate(QP-10)、3-O-β-D-(2′-sulfonyl)-xyl opyranosyl ilexgenin B 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester(QP-11)、ilexoside O(QP-12)、ilexpublesnin J(QP-13)、ilexpublesnin E(QP-14)、pubescenoside D(QP-15)、(+)-表丁香树脂醇-4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(QP-16)、sy-ringaresinol 4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside(QP-17)、pubescenoside A(QP-18)、pubescenoside B(QP-19)、rotundarpenoside B(QP-20)、xylocoside A(QP-21)、3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl 1-O-β-apio furanosyl(1″→6′)-β-glucopyranoside(QP-22)、七叶内酯(QP-23)、5R,6S,7E-megastigma-3-on-7-en-9-ol9-O-β-D-(6′-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl)-glucopyranoside(QP-24)、ciwujiatone(QP-25)、咖啡酸甲酯(QP-26)、huazhongilexin(QP-27)、1-[(7S)-7-hydroxy-1′-(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)methanol]-3-hydroxybenzalde hyde(QP-28)、3,4-dihydroxy-acetophen one(QP-29)、异香草酸(QP-30)、fissistigmoside(QP-31)、4-O-咖啡酰基奎宁酸甲酯(QP-32)、4,5-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸甲酯(QP-33)。结论:其中化合物QP-1~10为新化合物。QP-21、QP-23~25、QP-27、QP-29~31为首次从该植物分离得到。