Pakistani Secondary Science Teachers’ Beliefs about Creativity and Their Practices Regarding Its Cul

来源 :东北师范大学 | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:shichangyou1982
下载到本地 , 更方便阅读
声明 : 本文档内容版权归属内容提供方 , 如果您对本文有版权争议 , 可与客服联系进行内容授权或下架
论文部分内容阅读
In 1950’s,regarding economic,social,environmental and,technological challenges there was a roar and laughter of creativity around the globe which affected the whole globe.Seeing this roar and laughter of creativity,as a result,the students’ creativity in schools became a day of order to all educational institutions,investigators,instructors,and policymakers due to which the issue of creativity took its deep roots in the whole globe specifically and in educational institutions generally.Sensing the above sensible issue,the researcher embarked on a journey to study creativity from the inside of teachers’ perspective because so far only few studies were conducted on such important issue in South Asian countries generally and in Pakistan especially.So,the overall aim of this thesis was to explore the secondary science teachers’ beliefs regarding creativity and to examine those instructional practices that if the teachers adapt them in science classes would cultivate creativity among the students.In addition to it,regarding creativity the influencing factors were also examined in the thesis to see how these factors influence the creativity in the secondary science classes.This study possesses a qualitative nature which stands on the Charmaz’s(2000)constructivist philosophical research paradigm through the Grounded Theory approach.The study was conducted among five local secondary schools,consisting of 16 secondary science teachers.Multiple research tools such as focus group discussions,preinterview non-participant observations,semi-structured face to face individual interviews and field notes were conducted to address the posed research questions of the study.The data analysis was based on the model of thematic analysis proposed by Miles and Hubberman(1994).All the thematic findings were drawn from the analysis of the data collected through the above mentioned research tools.Regarding RQ 1,it was categorized into two main categories i.e.,the meaning / definition of creativity and the nature of creativity.For the first category i.e.,the meaning / definition of creativity,the thematic findings indicated that secondary science teachers were able to define creativity according to their views.They defined the creativity in three themes which were “newness,usefulness and imagination”.For the second category i.e.,the nature of creativity,the thematic findings indicated that secondary science teachers believed in two themes which were creativity as implanted in science and little c creativity.Finally,laying the past literature as a base and in light of the present findings of the study,regarding RQ 1,this conceptualization of the Pakistani secondary science teachers’ beliefs were counted as “balanced views to creativity”.This kind of conceptualization of the mentioned Pakistani secondary science teachers regarding the RQ 1 were compared with the past literature,and,finally by the qualifications of the grounded theory approach(GTA),the study grounded the following threefold theory in the data as:i.4P’s theory of creativityii.Theory of little c creativityiii.Theory of creativity is implanted in scienceRegarding the RQ 2,the teachers’ professed beliefs endorsed the four instructional practices,for which they perceived that these are the responsible practices for the cultivation of creativity among the secondary science students.These were pure Lecture Method,Lecture cum Practical Method,Teaching through Thinking Skills,and Cooperative Learning Method.The teachers believed that these four instructional practices could cultivate the students’ creativity if the relevant factors could make the way for the facilitation of such instructional practices in their classrooms during the teaching learning process.Regarding the RQ 3,in their classrooms during the teaching learning process,the secondary science teachers came across with the various influencing factors that influenced the facilitation and / or inhibition of creativity.Various influencing factors acted as mediators when teachers wanted to put their professed beliefs according to their instructional practices due to which inconsistencies appeared.Consistencies and / or inconsistencies appeared when these professed beliefs were compared to the actual applied classroom practices.Consistencies and / or inconsistencies regarding the belief-practice relationship were explored through the final RQ 4.Some of the teachers were failed to justify their beliefs according to applied instructional practices.The particular influencing(mediating)factors prevented the secondary science teachers to apply the believed instructional practices into their classrooms.
其他文献
多通道高速数据采集软件面临:被测信号多样化,通道设置及管理难度大;传输数据并发量大,传输稳定性和瞬时传输速度要求高;测量数据量大,后处理及速度快;实验数据重要性高,测试软件必须稳定可靠的挑战。软件采用模块化+图形化设计,使用SCPI命令对设备及通道进行设置;测试了75台示波器同时上传数据的传输速度;对比了LabVIEW波形显示和GDI+波形绘制的区别;完成了上位机故障情况下数据获取功能设计。结果表
期刊
为便于提取射频信号两正交分量进行分析,以赛灵思FPGA架构为平台,基于其内嵌高速串行收发模块,设计了基于Aurora的多通道高速可配置数据采集系统.系统可通过多速率时钟发生器LMK03806输出改变高速AD的采样时钟实现采样率可配置.系统底层硬件参数都通过程序封装为控制字指令的形式,可由上位机下发串行指令实时控制.最终实现了多通道一致性且采集工作同步实时进行,采集后的数据经过对齐、排序、打包后基于
期刊
山萘(K.galanga)与莪术(C.zedoaria)均属姜科植物,用药部位是其根茎,是传统的药食两用多年生芳香植物。除用作香料、调味剂外,还可用于治疗多种疾病。挥发油是山萘与莪术的主要成分之一,主要由萜类化合物、芳香族化合物和脂肪族化合物等小分子构成,具有明显的药理活性,如抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗血管生成等。作为中药学中一类重要物质,挥发油的提取技术、成分鉴定、生物活性的筛选在新药开发及中药产业现代
学位
胰腺分为内分泌腺和外分泌腺两部分。内分泌腺由大小不等的胰岛构成,它在血糖稳态调节过程中发挥重要功能。外分泌腺主要由腺泡细胞组成,由它分泌的胰液起到消化食物的作用。胰岛由α细胞、β细胞、δ细胞、PP细胞组成,其中胰岛α细胞的主要功能是,当血糖降低时合成和分泌胰高血糖素,通过促进肝脏糖异生及糖原水解来升高血糖。研究发现,胰岛β细胞及腺泡细胞异常将会引发糖尿病和胰腺炎,并且胰岛β细胞炎症也会诱发胰腺炎。
学位
一般结果期待(Generalized Outcome Expectancies,GOEs),又称气质性乐观(Dispositional Optimism),指个体对于未来与自己有关的事件发展趋势及后果的信念和评价倾向,个体对未来事件发展趋势及结果的积极预期即为乐观期待,消极预期即为悲观期待。一般认为,个体对未来普遍性的乐观期待会导致决策行为中风险寻求(Risk-seeking)的偏好,而对未来普遍
学位
哺乳动物大脑皮层具有形态特征明显,功能分类明确的六层板层结构。在新皮质发育过程中,神经元由位于室管膜区的前体细胞产生,经过多极形态向双极形态转换,沿着辐射胶质细胞的纤维向外运动迁移,最终达到皮层最外侧,并整合到神经网络中。在这一过程中,神经元迁移对于皮层结构的正确建立起着至关重要的作用。因此,研究辐射迁移的调控机制,对于研究神经环路的形成,以及由于神经元迁移异常所导致的疾病,如精神分裂症、癫痫和智
学位
组织是人的社会化的直接表现,是人区别于其他动物的重要特征,是人类基本的存在形式与活动方式。大学生作为社会群体的一部分,其组织形态伴随我国近代大学制度的形成而发展。百余年来,中国大学生组织作为一股变革社会的新生力量登上历史舞台,在争取民族独立解放、参与社会主义建设和推进改革开放进程中发挥了不可替代的重要作用。长期以来,大学生组织作为现代大学治理结构下的基本单元,不仅发挥着学生自我教育、自我管理和自我
学位
对于新手或低知识水平学习者比较有效的教学方法用于有较多知识的学习者时,可能降低其方法的有效性或甚至产生负面学习结果的现象,即知识反转效应,其研究始于20世纪90年代中期,在认知负荷的框架下对学习者先备知识与教学方法有效性之间的交互作用进行研究,其研究范式起源于能力倾向与教学处置交互作用模型。本研究拟对文本阅读学习中先行组织者、增加文本连贯性、文章标记等教学策略和自我解释、记笔记、书写学习日志等学习
学位
龋病,是一种细菌感染性疾病,是世界范围内广泛流行的口腔疾病。变异链球菌,是早期定植于牙齿表面的细菌之一,是公认的龋病致病菌。该菌能够分泌葡糖基转移酶合成胞外多糖,是细菌粘附和生物膜形成的主要毒力因子。因此,一种理想的预防和治疗龋病的药物是既可影响变异链球菌的活性,又能预防生物膜的形成或破坏已成熟的生物膜。现有抗变异链球菌的药物主要包括化学药物和天然药物,化学药物的长期使用,致使细菌的耐药性增强,从
学位
This study identifies and explains students’ preferred pedagogies and their perceptions on the influence of pedagogies at the Open University of Tanzania(OUT)on their learning processes.It was conduct
学位