Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps was common ENT disease. The current domestic and foreign scholars agreed that surgical treatment of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps has very good results. However, it had been reported that the nasal polyps recurrence rate was about60%, and recurrence of nasal polyps was characterized by infiltration of significant eosinophil in American and European countries. Both rhinosinusitis and asthma were common diseases and often developed together. Since the1990’s, scholars began to pay attention to the connection between rhinosinusitis and asthma. Now it is considered that rhinosinusitis and asthma belong to the same continuous positive airway inflammatory reaction process with various manifestations. Therefore, some scholars believed that asthma could aggravate severity of rhinosinusitis, and patients with asthma, rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps together were easy to relapse after surgery. In recent years, there was a growing focus on the relationship between allergic conditions and rhinosinusitis. Many studies had shown that patients with chronic sinusitis had a higher positive rate associated with allergies. So chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps with asthma seemed to have a higher recurrence rate after surgery. In addition, since people began to study and explore the influence of the social environment and lifestyle on rhinosinusitis. It come out whether bad habits (such as smoking, drinking, etc.) will affect prognosis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps? Although there were a large number of in-depth research for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, there were still many unresolved issues, especially about the reasons for postoperative recurrence of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors associated with the recurrence and to provide some references for the prognosis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.MetholdsTo retrospective study of the case ducuments,212cases of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps who were treated surgically from January2009to December2012were collected, and divided into recurrence group (37cases) and primary group (175cases). Sixteen factors and variants taken into account,including patients’ gender, age, smoking habits, alcoholic drinking habits, combination with asthma, combination with allergic rhinitis, Lund-Macky CT score, the eosinophil percentage of peripheral blood, the eosinophilia counts in histopathologic slices of nasal polyp tissue and others, which were statistically analyzed to filter out significant variables. Associated factors of postoperative recurrence of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps were screened by selected variables by multifactor regression analysis. Results were analyzed by SPSS statistical software and p<0.05was regarded as significant.ResultsThe results revealved smoking hobbies, alcoholic drinking habits, combination with asthma, combination with allergic rhinitis,Lund-Macky CT score (except score of maxillary sinuses), the eosinophilia counts in histopathologic slices of nasal polyp tissue, and the histopathologically eosinophilic nasal polyp showed significant difference (p<0.05) between two groups. Among these12factors mentioned above, alcoholic drinking habits, combination with asthma, higher CT score of posterior ethmoid sinuses and the histopathologically eosinophilic nasal polyp were strongly relevant (OR>2.9). ConclusionSmoking hobbies,alcoholic drinking habits, combination with asthma, combination with allergic rhinitis, Lund-Macky CT score (except score of maxillary sinuses), eosinophilia counts in histopathologic slices of nasal polyp tissue, and histopathologically eosinophilic nasal polyps may be associated with postoperative recurrence of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Alcoholic drinking habits, combination with asthma, higher CT score of posterior ethmoid sinuses and histopathologically eosinophilic nasal polyp among them were most important.