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二恶英(PCDD/Fs)、多氯联苯(PCBs)和有机氯农药(OCPs)等是全球范围内广泛存在并被列入斯德哥尔摩公约控制的主要持久性有机污染物(POPs),这类污染物具有高毒性、难降解性和半挥发性,在环境中可长期存在,并通过大气可以长距离传输,危害生态系统及人类健康,近年来其环境行为受到广泛关注。本论文利用同位素稀释高分辨气相色谱-高分辨质谱联用(HRGC-HRMS)的分析方法分别研究了珠江地区表层沉积物中PCDD/Fs、PCBs、OCPs及辽河流域的OCPs等POPs的污染水平和分布特征。(1)对珠江表层沉积物中的PCDD/Fs和PCBs污染水平进行了研究。其中沉积物中PCDD/Fs浓度范围为63.7-9364.8pg/g,TEQ浓度范围为0.14-136.3pgWHO-TEQ/g,沉积物中PCBs的浓度范围分别为0.075-1138.6pg/g,TEQ范围为0.00064-54.97pg WHO-TEQ/g。本研究结果表明,珠江地区河流受到PCDD/Fs和PCBs的严重污染。(2)对珠江地区及辽河流域表层沉积物中的有机氯农药残留及其分布特征进行了研究,利用同位素稀释高分辨气相色谱-高分辨质谱联用法(HRGC-HRMS)对表层沉积物样品中的OCPs进行了分析,主要检测出9种有机氯农药HCHs(六六六)、DDTs(滴滴涕)、HCB(六氯苯)、Mirex(灭蚁灵)、Heptachlor(七氯)、Endrin(异狄试剂)、Nonachlors(九氯)、Chlordanes(氯丹)和Heptachlor epoxides(环氧七氯),测定结果分别为0.002-1.98ng·g-1,0.03-5.07ng·g-1,0.01-1.54ng·g-1,0.04-0.68ng·g-1,0.001-0.15ng·g-1,0.01-0.68ng·g-1,0.01-0.58ng·g-1,0.03-1.40ng·g-1和0.16-0.95ng·g-1(干重),平均值分别为0.32ng·g-1,1.59ng·g-1,0.37ng·g-1,0.22ng·g-1,0.06ng·g-1,0.21ng·g-1,0.16ng·g-1,0.47ng·g-1和0.43ng·g-1(干重);对于辽河流域九种有机氯农药的含量分别为0.09-28.48ng·g-1,0.08-6.52ng·g-1,0.18-24.8ng·g-1,0.02-0.35ng·g-1,0.006-0.21ng·g-1,0.004-0.96ng·g-1,0.004-0.34ng·g-1,0.02-3.28ng·g-1和0.01-0.21ng·g-1(干重),平均值分别为4ng·g-1,3.07ng·g-1,4.38ng·g-1,0.11ng·g-1,0.05ng·g-1,0.26ng·g-1,0.05ng·g-1,0.28ng·g-1和0.07ng·g-1(干重)。本研究珠江地区及辽河流域的分析结果均低于历史数据,与国内外其他地区表层沉积物相比,本研究分析结果及国内其他部分有机氯农药污染区含量相当。沉积物中HCHs和DDTs的分布特征研究表明,沉积物中有机氯农药可能主要来自于早期的历史残留,近期基本没有新的污染输入。