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美国女人类学家本尼迪克特在其文化名著《菊与刀》中把日本社会的文化定义为一种＂耻感文化＂,把西方社会的文化定义为＂罪感文化＂。两者主要的区别在于＂罪感文化＂强调自律,＂耻感文化＂强调他律。实际上这是由于东西方文化对＂罪＂的概念认识的不同,而造成的理解误区。把日本文化定性为＂耻感文化＂,否定了日本人的罪感意识。确切地说日本文化兼具＂耻＂与＂罪＂文化的双重性。“,”American female anthropologist Benedict defines Japanese social culture as a ＂shame culture＂ and West social culture as a ＂guilty culture＂ in her masterpiece Chrysanthemum and the Sword. Their main differences are that ＂shame culture＂ emphasizes autonomy, while ＂guilty culture＂ stresses heteronomy. In fact, this is a misunderstanding caused by the differences of understanding the definition of ＂guilt＂ between Eastern and Western culture. If we define Japanese culture as ＂shame culture＂ , we deny the guilty consciousness of the Japanese. To be precise, Japanese culture has the duality of ＂shame＂ and ＂guilt＂.