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建立了不同覆盖物下春小麦生长期间土壤的地温、水分时空分布图。研究表明:保水、集水、增温、降水生产率效果排序:双重覆盖(秸秆+地膜)>地膜>秸秆>裸地。干旱年降水生产率分别较裸地提高83%、70.5%、37.7%。降水生产率较丰年分别提高53.39%、1.2%、12.8%,双重覆盖仍多蓄水31mm,半干旱区春小麦生长主要依赖土壤贮蓄水,双重覆盖和地膜覆盖使180 cm土层内水以汽态水凝聚在耕层,达到秋水春用。秸杆覆盖早春不但降低耕层地温,而且截留残留降水和部分有效降水不能入土而蒸发,降低土壤贮水量。应在秋季施碎秸秆后翻耕,接纳雨水,春播前膜侧种植,可起双重覆盖蓄水、保水、增产作用。覆膜对膜外横向30 cm处10 cm土层在全生育期都有增温作用。
The spatio-temporal distribution of soil temperature and moisture during spring wheat growing under different cover was established. The results showed that the effects of water retention, catchment, warming and precipitation productivity were ranked as follows: double covering (straw + plastic film)> plastic film> straw> bare soil. Compared with the bare land, the annual precipitation productivity increased by 83%, 70.5% and 37.7% respectively. Rainfall productivity increased by 53.39%, 1.2% and 12.8% respectively over the years of abundance, with double cover and still more water 31mm. The growth of spring wheat in semi-arid area relied mainly on soil storage water, double coverage and plastic film coverage, Water condensation in the tillage, to autumn spring use. Straw cover early spring not only reduce the ground temperature, and interception of residual precipitation and part of the effective precipitation can not be buried and evaporation, reduce soil water storage. Should be crushed in the fall after the straw tillage, receiving rainwater, spring before sowing film side, can double cover water, water, increase production. The film had a warming effect on the 10 cm soil layer at 30 cm lateral to the whole growth period.