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隔膜法和水银法是工业上生产烧碱的两种重要方法,应用水银法由于水银的流失造成环境污染,日本著名的水俣病就是因为化工厂里的汞或汞化合物随废水排入海中,通过藻类,鱼类,贝类等食物链的富集作用,进入人体,损害神经而引起的。此后在日本舆论产生强烈的抗汉,日本政府被迫决定把水银法烧碱厂全部改为隔膜法,转换分二期,第一期到1975年9月将全部水银电槽装置的三分之二换成隔膜法,第二期到1978年3月末全部换成隔膜法。采用隔膜法电解时,电解液烧碱的浓度仅为12～13％,而食盐量几乎相等,因此转
Membrane method and mercury method are two important methods for industrial production of caustic soda. Mercury method causes environmental pollution due to the loss of mercury. The famous Minamata disease in Japan is because mercury or mercury compounds in chemical plants are discharged into the sea with wastewater, , Fish, shellfish and other food chain enrichment effect, into the body, causing damage to the nerves. Since then, there has been a strong anti-Chinese and Japanese government in Japan’s public opinion that forced the government to change all the mercury caustic soda plants to diaphragm method and convert it into two phases. From September of 1975 to September of the same year, two thirds of all mercury cell installations Replaced by diaphragm method, the second phase to the end of March 1978 all replaced diaphragm method. When the diaphragm method of electrolysis, the concentration of caustic soda electrolyte is only 12 ~ 13%, while the amount of salt is almost equal, so turn