现代科研,尤其是应用研究和发展研究,不仅是一项创造性的脑力劳动,而且是一项社会性的经济活动。凡是经济活动都是一种有意识、有目的的经济行为,都是为了满足发展生产、提高生活或其他方面的需求,都必须耗费一定的劳动和其他支出。耗费或投入少,而所得或产出多,就是经济效益好,反之就是经济效益差或没有效益,有时甚至产生负效益。一切经济活动的立足点,都是基于提 Modern research, especially applied research and development research, is not only a creative brain work, but also a social economic activity. All economic activities are conscious and purposeful economic activities, all of which are labor and other expenditures that must be expended to meet the needs of developing production, improving life, or other aspects. Spending or investing less, and the income or output is more good economic returns, and vice versa is poor economic or no efficiency, and sometimes even negative benefits. All footholds of economic activity are based on mention