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在利用原子能建立核电站设备的过程中,曾经遇到锅炉材料在中子照射下变脆的问题,当然,后来还知道这里还有一个长期高温下材料的蠕变脆性问题。为了解决这种中低强度高韧性材料的脆断问题,首先遇到的是试样尺寸的矛盾,因为只有把试样尺寸缩得很小才能放入反应堆中,以便模拟材料的工况,研究它对辐照的反应。国外的工作有,一种是把查贝V型冲击试样挂在反应堆里;另一种是把体积很小的紧凑拉伸试样放入反应堆里。经过一定时间及剂量的辐照后,取出来进行试验,从而获得材料变脆与否及变脆程度的概念。
In the process of using atomic energy to establish nuclear power plant equipment, we have encountered the problem that the boiler material becomes brittle when exposed to neutron irradiation. Of course, we later learned that there is also a problem of creep and brittleness of materials under long-term high temperature. In order to solve the problem of brittle fracture of medium-low-strength and high-toughness materials, the first problem encountered is the contradiction of the sample size, because only by reducing the sample size to a small size can be placed in the reactor in order to simulate the working condition of the material. It responds to irradiation. There are foreign jobs, one is to Charpy V-type impact specimen hanging in the reactor; the other is to put a small volume of compact tensile specimen into the reactor. After a certain period of time and dose of irradiation, removed for testing, in order to obtain the material becomes brittle or embrittled degree of concept.