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以立体栽培(3层)三年生三七种植土壤为研究对象,比较分析其与大田土壤(对照)在酶活性、土壤微生物差异及对三七农艺性状的影响。结果表明,立体栽培各层(下、中、上)土壤微生物浓度显著低于大田;土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和中性磷酸酶活性均表现为从下层至上层逐渐升高,除各层中性磷酸酶活性均显著高于对照外,上层及下层脲酶和蔗糖酶活性均显著低于对照;立体栽培下三七各农艺性状指标均劣于大田栽培,3层中以中层长势最好,上层次之,下层最差。相关分析表明,真菌、放线菌及中性磷酸酶活性与三七农艺性状显著相关;土壤真菌和细菌浓度均与土壤相对含水量显著相关;放线菌和中性磷酸酶活性均与土壤p H和土壤相对含水量显著相关;脲酶和蔗糖酶活性与日最大温差呈显著负相关。当前研究表明立体栽培模式下土壤微生物比例失衡和土壤酶活性剧烈变化是导致立体栽培三七农艺性状劣于大田栽培夫的诱因之一。因此,改善立体栽培结构,从而使土壤微生物及酶活性接近大田土壤,为三七生长营造良好的土壤生态环境是保障三七健康生长的关键。
The three-year-planted three-year-planted soils in three-dimensional cultivation were selected as the research object, and their effects on enzyme activities, soil microbial diversity and agronomic traits in the field were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the concentrations of soil microorganisms (lower, middle and upper) were significantly lower than those in the field. Soil urease, invertase and neutral phosphatase activities increased from lower to upper layers, The activities of urease and invertase in the upper and lower layers were significantly lower than those in the control. The agronomic traits of Panax notoginseng under the condition of three-dimensional cultivation were inferior to that of the field cultivation. The growth of middle layer in the three layers was the best, , The worst in the lower. Correlation analysis showed that the fungi, actinomycetes and neutral phosphatase activities were significantly correlated with the agronomic traits of Panax notoginseng. The concentrations of soil fungi and bacteria were significantly correlated with the relative water content of soil. The activities of actinomycetes and neutral phosphatase were correlated with soil p H and soil relative water content were significantly correlated; urease and invertase activity and daily maximum temperature difference was significantly negatively correlated. The current research shows that imbalance of soil microbes and severe changes of soil enzyme activity under stereoscopic cultivation mode are one of the reasons that agronomic traits of Panax notoginseng are worse than that of field cultivators. Therefore, to improve the three-dimensional cultivation structure, so that the soil microorganisms and enzyme activity close to the soil in the soil, so as to create a good soil ecological environment is the key to the healthy growth of Panax notoginseng.