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目的分析贵州省2001—2010年职业病发病情况,行业分布、企业类型分布以及重点职业病的分布情况,为进一步做好该省的职业病防治提供依据。方法收集2001—2010年该省职业病诊断和调查处理资料,对全省近10年职业病报告数据进行回顾性分析。结果 2010年报告517例,占10年总报告人数的36.11%。在各类职业病报告人数中,尘肺病有1 085例,占职业病报告总数的75.77%;其中男性1 049例,占96.68%;女性36例,占33.2%。尘肺病新发病例发病年龄主要分布在35~45岁年龄段,占38.81%;大型企业尘肺病报告病例有506例,占尘肺病报告总数的46.64%;小型企业351例,占总数的32.35%;中型企业201例,占总数的18.53%。非公有制企业尘肺病报告病例630例,占尘肺病报告总数的58.06%;公有制企业尘肺病例455例,占总数的41.94%。2001—2010年贵州省慢性职业中毒154例,占总数的10.75%;急性职业中毒有110例,占职业病报告总数的7.68%。有色金属、煤炭、建材、化工、冶金、地质矿产6个行业共有各类职业病1 153例,占职业病报告总数的80.52%。结论贵州省职业病危害以尘肺和职业中毒为主,防治重点为有色金属、煤炭、建材、化工、冶金、地质矿产6个行业。重点人群则应以青壮年为主。政府应加强社会监管力度、健全法律法规、完善管理制度、强化责任意识。各企业应加强今后职业病防治的监督和管理工作。
Objective To analyze the distribution of occupational diseases, distribution of industries, types of enterprises and the distribution of key occupational diseases in Guizhou Province during 2001-2010 so as to provide evidences for further prevention and control of occupational diseases in this province. Methods The data of diagnosis and investigation of occupational diseases in this province from 2001 to 2010 were collected and the data of occupational diseases reported in the province for nearly 10 years were retrospectively analyzed. As a result, 517 cases were reported in 2010, accounting for 36.11% of the total reported population in 10 years. Among the reported numbers of occupational diseases, there were 1 085 cases of pneumoconiosis, accounting for 75.77% of the total number of occupational diseases reported; 1 049 were male, accounting for 96.68%; and 36 were female, accounting for 33.2%. The incidence of new cases of pneumoconiosis was mainly distributed in the age group of 35-45 years old, accounting for 38.81%; 506 cases of pneumoconiosis reported in large-scale enterprises, accounting for 46.64% of the total number of pneumoconiosis reports; 351 cases of small-sized enterprises accounting for 32.35% ; 201 medium-sized enterprises, accounting for 18.53% of the total. There were 630 cases of pneumoconiosis reported in non-public-owned enterprises, accounting for 58.06% of the total number of pneumoconiosis reports; 455 cases of pneumoconiosis in public-owned enterprises, accounting for 41.94% of the total. There were 154 cases of chronic occupational poisoning in Guizhou Province from 2001 to 2010, accounting for 10.75% of the total; 110 cases of acute occupational poisoning, accounting for 7.68% of the total number of occupational diseases reported. There were 1 153 cases of various kinds of occupational diseases in non-ferrous metals, coal, building materials, chemicals, metallurgy and geology and mineral products, accounting for 80.52% of the total number of occupational diseases reported. Conclusion Occupational hazards in Guizhou Province are mainly pneumoconiosis and occupational poisoning. Prevention and treatment focus on six industries including nonferrous metals, coal, building materials, chemicals, metallurgy and geology and mineral resources. Focus groups should be young and middle-aged. The government should strengthen social supervision, improve laws and regulations, improve the management system, and strengthen the sense of responsibility. All enterprises should strengthen the supervision and management of occupational disease prevention and control in the future.