Eigenvalue estimate on a compact Riemann manifold

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Let M be a compact Riemann manifold with the Ricci curvature ≥ - R(R = const. 】0). Denote by d the diameter of M. Then the first eigenvalue λ<sub>1</sub> of M satisfies λ<sub>1</sub>≥(π<sup>2</sup>/d<sup>2</sup
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