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在生物医学研究中，显微成像仍是最常用的技术之一。由于衍射极限的存在，光学显微镜的分辨率长期被限制在200 nm。近年来，突破衍射极限的超高分辨率显微成像技术的发展与应用，推动了生物医学研究的进展。本文主要对受激发射损耗(stimulated emission depletion，STED)和随机光学重建(stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy，STORM)两类超高分辨率显微成像技术的成像原理、生物医学应用、优劣势比较及应用局限性进行探讨。“,”Microscopic imaging is still one of the most commonly used techniques for biological study.Due to the existence of diffraction limitation, the resolution of optical microscope has long been limited to 200 nm.In recent years, the development and application of new imaging technologies have broken the diffraction limitation and promoted biomedical research significantly.This article mainly discusses the imaging principles, biological applications, comparison of advantages, and application limitation of super-resolution microscopy with stimulated emission depletion (STED) and stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM).