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目前世界上已发现的病毒约有600余种,但有关对海洋里病毒的报告却较少,而且过去科学家们在研究海洋里的病毒时,常注重于海洋病毒与人类的关系。现在已知生活在海洋中的病毒可分为二大类型,一是由于人类的活动,通过各种途径污染了沿岸海水,而使一些人类病毒流入海洋中成为暂时的栖息者,此类病毒在海水中只能存活一个短时间,所以它们不是真正的海洋病毒。第二类是经常生活在海洋中的病毒,它们以海洋生物为寄生,也许还有一些腐生性病毒,现就这方面有关资料综述于下。
There are about 600 kinds of viruses found in the world at present, but there are few reports on the viruses in the sea. In the past, scientists often focused on the relationship between marine viruses and human beings when they studied the viruses in the sea. It is now known that the viruses that live in the oceans can be divided into two major types. First, human beings’ activities have polluted coastal waters through various means, causing some human viruses to flow into the sea as temporary shelters. Sea water can only survive for a short time, so they are not real marine viruses. The second category is those viruses that regularly live in the oceans, which parasitize marine life, and perhaps some saprophytic viruses, and the relevant information on this is summarized below.