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分析了钢的退火软化机理，指出钢的退火软化应从固溶体强化、位错强化、细晶强化等方面降低对铁素体基体的硬化作用，同时使钢中析出的碳化物球状化、粗大化．对Ｈ１３钢退火碳化物颗粒的平均直径、弥散度与硬度的关系的研究表明，在碳化物体积分数一定时，硬度是碳化物颗粒平均直径的函数，颗粒直径越大，退火硬度越低．
The mechanism of annealing softening of steel is analyzed. It is pointed out that the softening of steel should reduce the hardening effect on the ferrite matrix from solid solution strengthening, dislocation strengthening and fine grain strengthening, meanwhile the carbide precipitated in the steel is spheroidized and coarser. The study on the relationship between average diameter, dispersion and hardness of annealed carbide particles of H13 steel shows that the hardness is a function of the average diameter of the carbide particles when the volume fraction of carbide is constant. The larger the diameter of the particles, the lower the annealing hardness.