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线辣椒是我国的重要出口蔬菜之一，甜椒也是一种主要的蔬菜。目前生产上及育种上均存在着许多问题，尤其是病害日趋严重。我国已将甜椒的抗病育种列为全国重点攻关科研项目之一。椒辣和甜椒均属于辣椒属（Ｃａｐｓｉｃｕｍ），了解辣椒属的遗传，特别是主要遗传基因的符号、表现以及显、隐性遗传规律，是有目的地选择和选配杂交亲本，预测杂种后代表现的科学依据。 关于辣椒属的遗传性状，目前研究资料还很不充分，早期的综述见于Ｍａｔｓｕｕｒａ（１９２９）的报告，他曾报道了１２个遗传性状，但未标明基因符号。１９３７年Ｂｏｓｗｅｌｌ的综合报告提出了１６个表型性状的遗传方式。１９６５年本文作者综合报道了辣椒属的５０个基因，这一数字虽远远落后于番茄、豌豆等蔬菜，但鉴于世界各国对辣椒的遗传研究开展工作较少，国内对辣椒属的遗传基因也尚无系统的研究和译述，因此有必要将上述基因名录译出，供同行们参考。
Line pepper is one of the important export vegetables in our country, sweet pepper is also a major vegetable. At present, there are many problems in production and breeding, especially the diseases are becoming increasingly serious. China has put pepper disease resistance breeding as one of the key research projects. Pepper and sweet pepper belong to the genus Capsicum. The understanding of the genus Capsicum, especially the sign, expression and recessive inheritance of major genes, is the purpose of selecting and matching hybrid parents and predicting the hybrid offspring Scientific evidence of performance. The current research data on Capsicum genetic traits, the current research is still not sufficient, the early review found in Matsuura (1929) report, he reported 12 genetic traits, but did not indicate the genetic code. The 1937 Boswell synthesis presented the genetic pattern of 16 phenotypic traits. In 1965, the author comprehensively reported 50 genes of Capsicum, which lagged far behind tomatoes, peas and other vegetables. However, in view of the fact that the genetic research on pepper in the world is relatively less, There is no systematic research and translation, it is necessary to translate the above list of genes for colleagues for reference.