目的研究综合性教学医院住院病人医院感染现状及其变化发展趋势,为制定防控策略提供依据。方法采用横断面调查的方法,对某综合性教学医院住院病人医院感染现状进行调查与分析。结果连续3次调查住院患者的实查率均达到97%以上,2012-2014年医院感染例次现患率依次为5.37%、4.73%和3.98%,呈现逐年降低的趋势。医院感染部位以呼吸道感染为主,构成比为51.47%;其次是泌尿道和手术切口感染,构成比分别为15.07%和10.66%。医院感染患者主要分布于重症监护病房、血液移植科和神经外科。住院患者抗菌药物使用率均低于40%,病原学标本送检率由38.80%上升到62.31%。结论该医院住院患者医院感染现患率呈逐年下降趋势,抗菌药物应用基本合理,调查已经找出重点控制环节。 Objective To study the current status and changes of nosocomial infection in inpatients in comprehensive teaching hospital and provide the basis for making prevention and control strategies. Methods The method of cross-sectional survey was used to investigate and analyze the current status of nosocomial infection in inpatients in a comprehensive teaching hospital. Results The investigation rate of hospitalized patients was above 97% in three consecutive surveys. The prevalence rates of hospital infection cases in 2012-2014 were 5.37%, 4.73% and 3.98%, respectively, showing a decreasing trend year by year. Nosocomial infection was mainly respiratory tract infection, with a ratio of 51.47%. Followed by urinary tract and surgical incision infection, the constituent ratios were 15.07% and 10.66% respectively. Nosocomial infections are mainly found in intensive care units, blood transplants and neurosurgery. Inpatients were less than 40% antibacterial drug use rate, etiological specimens submitted rate increased from 38.80% to 62.31%. Conclusion The prevalence of nosocomial infections in this hospital is decreasing year by year. The application of antimicrobial drugs is basically rational. The investigation has found out the key control links.