子宫内膜异位症（内异症）是育龄期妇女常见的疾病，具有侵袭性强、种植广泛和易复发等特点，严重影响患者的生活质量。现阶段对内异症发病机制的探究已向分子水平方向延伸，主要表现在酶系统因素、血管因子因素以及干细胞因素基因表达异常。但其发病机制至今尚未完全清楚，是妇科临床和基础研究的热点问题。因此，对内异症发病机制的深入了解以及对病因的靶向治疗领域技术的发展，有望为内异症诊断和治疗找到新的切入点。“,”Endometriosis( EMT) is a common disease in reproductive-age women,which is highly inva-sive,extensive and easisly recurrent,affecting the quality of life in patients critically.In recent years,the pathogenesis of endometriosis has developed into the molecular level , such as abnormal gene expression of enzyme system factors,vascular factors and stem cell factors.While the pathogenesis of EMT is still largely uncertain,a great deal of basic and clinical research are still needed .Therefore,in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis of EMT and the etiology targeted therapy are expected to become new strategies in the diagnosis and treatment.