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化脓性心包炎仍是危及儿童生命的疾病，其主要治疗措施包括有效的抗生素应用及充分的脓液引流。化脓性心包炎的重要并发症之一是缩窄性心包炎。心包内溶纤维蛋白治疗能有效减少化脓性心包炎患儿心包膜纤维蛋白沉积，防止心包黏连、纤维化，从而预防缩窄性心包炎。但目前该治疗方法在儿童化脓性心包炎治疗中应用研究较少，该文总结了国内外心包内溶纤维治疗在化脓性心包炎中应用治疗的研究报道，介绍心包内溶纤维蛋白治疗的适应证、作用机制、治疗方案、有效性研究及并发症，给儿童化脓性心包炎的临床治疗决策提供参考。“,”Purulent pericarditis is still a life-threatening disease for children.Utilizing antibiotics and performing completely drainage of pus are the major treatment options.Constrictive pericarditis is an important complication of purulent pericarditis.Intrapericardial fibrinolysis can effectively reduce fibrin deposition in pericardium, prevent pericardium adhesion and fibrosis, therefore it will prevent constrictive pericarditis.However, it is seldom used in the treatment of children with purulent pericarditis.This article reviews the domestic and international reports on intrapericardial fibrinolysis in children with purulent pericarditis, introduces the indications, mechanisms, treatment protocols, effectiveness studies and complications of intrapericardial fibrinolysis, thus providing a reference for the treatment protocol of children with purulent pericarditis.