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目的:探讨5.12地震灾区11~16岁少年儿童的心理健康状况及其影响因素,为下一步开展创伤后心理危机干预提供依据。方法:在地震发生后一个月,使用长处与困难问卷(SDQ)学生版,调查了1268名来自于灾区的少年儿童(平均年龄14.20±1.02岁,男女比例1:1.02)的心理健康状况及其影响因素。结果:(1)灾区少年儿童SDQ总困难因子平均得分为13.66±5.75,74.9%的人报告自身存在主观困难;(2)女性的总困难因子、情绪因子、亲社会因子得分高于男性(z=-4.317,-7.963,-3.717;Ps<0.001);(3)困难对少年儿童社会功能的影响程度随年龄增加(χ2=7.684,P=0.021)。年龄越大,多动因子得分有增加的趋势(χ2=13.881,P=0.001);(4)重度暴露组其总困难因子、情绪因子、影响因子得分高于轻度暴露组(z=-2.374,-4.279,-2.114;Ps<0.05),困难造成的主观精神困扰程度前组高于后组(z=-2.920,P=0.004);(5)女性、高年龄者、教师/同学伤亡较重者、震后被转移至安全的帐篷或房屋的间隔时间越长者,SDQ总困难因子异常的危险性越高。结论:震后灾区少年儿童的心理健康状况受到暴露水平、性别、年龄以及震后被转移至安全地点的时间的影响,心理干预应综合考虑相关因素。
Objective: To investigate the mental health of children aged 11 ~ 16 in the 5.12 earthquake-stricken area and its influencing factors, and provide the basis for further intervention in post-traumatic psychological crisis. Methods: One month after the quake, the SDQ Student Version was used to investigate the mental health status of 1268 children (mean age 14.20 ± 1.02 years, male to female ratio 1: 1.02) from the affected areas and their Influencing factors. Results: (1) The average score of SDQ total difficulty factor for children in disaster areas was 13.66 ± 5.75, and 74.9% reported subjective difficulties; (2) The scores of female total difficulty factor, emotional factor and pro-social factor were higher than those of male = -4.317, -7.963, -3.717; Ps <0.001). (3) The effect of difficulty on social function of children and adolescents increased with age (χ2 = 7.684, P = 0.021). (4) The scores of total difficulty factor, emotion factor and influence factor in severe exposure group were higher than those in mild exposure group (z = -2.374 , -4.279, -2.114; Ps <0.05). The degree of subjective mental distress caused by difficulty was higher in the former group than in the latter group (z = -2.920, P = 0.004). (5) Female, elderly, teacher / In severe cases, the longer the interval of time after the earthquake was transferred to a safe tents or houses, the higher the risk of abnormal SDQ total difficulties. Conclusion: The mental health of children and adolescents in post-quake-hit areas was affected by exposure level, sex, age and the time when the children were transferred to a safe place after the earthquake. Psychological intervention should take into account the relevant factors.