蔡元培(1868—1940年)是中国近代著名的资产阶级教育家,是资产阶级民主主义者和爱国主义者。半殖民地半封建社会的中国民族资产阶级,具有反对帝国主义和封建官僚军阀政府的革命性;但同时,由于中国资本主义发展很不充分,民族资产阶级在政治上、经济上非常软弱,因而又具有对于革命敌人的妥协性。这种两重性在蔡元培身上有明显的表现。在清朝末年,蔡元培是以“翰林革命”而闻名的,他渴望民族独立,鼓吹民权和女权,组织反清革命团体“中国教育会”(1902年)和“光复会”(1904年),参加孙中山的同盟会(1905年),并任同盟会上海分会会长,他甚至亲自参与策划武装起义和暗杀清朝官员的活动。在推翻清朝封建皇帝统治和建立中华民国的斗争中,蔡元培是作出过 Cai Yuanpei (1868-1940) is a well-known modern bourgeois educator in China and a bourgeois democrat and a patriot. The Chinese national bourgeoisie in the semi-colonial and semi-feudal society has the revolutionary opposition to imperialism and the feudal bureaucratic warlord government. However, at the same time, due to the insufficient development of capitalism in China, the national bourgeoisie is politically and economically very weak, The compromise of the revolutionary enemies. This duality in Cai Yuanpei who have obvious manifestations. In the late Qing Dynasty, Cai Yuanpei was famous for his “Hanlin Revolution.” He longs for national independence, advocates for civil rights and women’s rights, and organizes the “China Education Association” (1902) and the “Kuomintang” (1904) Sun Yat-sen’s Confederation (1905) and President of the Shanghai Chapter of the Confederation, who even personally participated in plotting the armed uprising and assassination of Qing officials. In the struggle to overthrow the rule of the Qing Dynasty feudal emperors and the establishment of the Republic of China, Cai Yuanpei made