官和民是中国最古老的一对政治范畴。官民关系是历代统治者最关注也最头痛的根本问题之一。“水能载舟亦能覆舟”,历代统治者都希冀生民之“水”能永载“官舟”,以享万世一系之基业。然而,历代王朝无不以覆舟而终,此乃封建专制王朝官民之间不可调合的阶级矛盾所决定。不过,尽管结局一样,却盛衰有差、寿夭不等。究其原因,在很大程度上取决于吏治的好坏。而吏治的好坏又往往表现为官吏之贪廉。因此,建立—个廉洁的政府,乃是治吏御民、巩固统治不可或缺的根本方针。清代康熙皇帝之所以能在位六十余年,开康 Officials and people are China’s oldest political category. The relationship between officials and civilians is one of the most troubling and most troubling fundamental problems of the rulers of all generations. “The water can carry the boat can also overturn the boat”, the rulers of all generations hope that the “water” of the people of the people can carry the “official boat” forever to enjoy the foundation of a series of worldly affairs. However, all dynasties came to an end with no doubt that this was determined by the irreconcilable class contradiction between feudal dynastic officials and civilians. However, despite the same outcome, there are ups and downs, with varying lengths of life. The reason, to a large extent, depends on the quality of officialdom. The quality of officialdom is often manifested as corruption officials. Therefore, establishing a clean government is a fundamental guideline for governing the imperialists and the people and consolidating the rule. Emperor Kangxi in Qing Dynasty was able to reign sixty years, Kaikang