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1947年,美国法官勒尼德.汉德在“美国诉卡洛尔·波音拖船公司”案中提出了著名的汉德公式,这个运用概率论方法并蕴涵功利主义思想的公式带给了人们很大的启发。汉德公式告诉我们并非所有风险都必须预防,但它与抽象价值的冲突则限制了该公式的运用。本文解读了汉德公式,阐述了它的理论基础——社会观、经济观、道德观、价值观,运用司法案例及道德原理分析了它在法律适用上的作用与局限。
In 1947, the United States Judge, Reinhold Hall, put forward the famous Hank’s formula in the case of “United States v. Carroll-Boeing Towing Company.” This formula, which uses the theory of probabilistic approach and contains utilitarian ideas, People are great inspiration. The Hande formula tells us that not all risks must be prevented, but its conflict with abstract values limits the use of this formula. This article explains the Chinese and German formula, elaborates its theoretical basis - the social outlook, the economic outlook, the moral outlook, the values, uses the judicial case and the moral principles to analyze its role and limitations in the application of law.