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为了探索北方稻田水管理、施肥和水稻品种对稻田甲烷排放的影响 ,于 1995年至 1998年应用全自动甲烷采样 -测定系统 ,测定了水稻田甲烷排放通量。实验探明 :北方稻田甲烷排放通量为 4～364mg/m2 .d,平均值为 82 mg/m2 .d;稻田甲烷的季节排放只有一个高峰 ,发生在水稻分蘖期 ,该期的甲烷排放量占年排放总量的 85 %以上 ,水稻生长中、后期的稻田甲烷非常有限。水管理对稻田甲烷的生成、排放有显著的影响 ,稻田采用间歇灌溉代替常规灌溉和淹灌 ,可减排稻田甲烷 4 6%～ 5 9% ;稻田施用有机肥 ,甲烷排放量则剧增。但在同等有机碳含量情况下 ,不同有机肥的产甲烷潜势存在明显差异 ,猪粪和稻草较高 ,堆肥和牛粪较低 ,稻田施用堆肥和牛粪 ,可比施用猪粪和稻草的稻田减排稻田甲烷 72 %～ 90 % ;试验中选用的水稻品种 ,以中作 93的甲烷排放效率为最低 ,其甲烷排放通量比杂交稻京优和高秆品种中花 94 - 10 17减少 5 0 %～ 5 5 %。实验揭示 ,水稻分蘖期是控制北方稻田甲烷排放的关键时期 ,该试验结果为制定稻田甲烷控制策略提供了重要参考
In order to explore the impact of paddy field water management, fertilization and rice varieties on the methane emission in paddy fields in northern China, methane emission from paddy fields was measured using a full-automatic methane sampling and determination system from 1995 to 1998. The experiment proved that the methane fluxes in the northern rice fields were 4 ~ 364mg / m2.d, with an average value of 82 mg / m2. D. There was only one peak of seasonal emissions of methane in the paddy fields, which occurred at the tillering stage of rice, Accounting for more than 85% of the total annual emissions, paddy methane in the late rice growing season is very limited. Water management has a significant impact on the formation and emission of methane in paddy fields. Intermittent irrigation instead of conventional irrigation and flooding irrigation in paddy fields can reduce methane emissions by 46% ~ 59% in paddy fields. However, at the same organic carbon content, there is a clear difference in the methane production potentials of different organic fertilizers, with higher pig manure and straw, lower composting and cow manure, compost and cow manure applied in paddy fields, and comparable reductions in rice paddies using pig manure and straw The paddy field methane was 72% -90%. The selected rice varieties tested had the lowest CH4 emission efficiency, the CH4 emission flux was 50% lower than that of hybrid rice Jingyou and high-stalk variety Zhonghua 94-107, ~ 5 5%. Experiments revealed that tillering stage of rice is the key period to control the methane emission from paddy fields in northern China. The results of this experiment provide an important reference for the development of methane control strategies in paddy fields