梁启超、钱穆曾分别在20世纪20年代和30年代写下《中国近三百年学术史》的著作①。如果按照他们的说法,把历代中国知识分子对史学、文献学、文字学和金石学所做的贡献统称为学术,那么与夏商周三代相关的研究,应该就是中国学术主要的内容了。自先秦诸子到乾嘉学派,历代知识分子费尽移山心力,留下大量有关三代的研究著述,也产生了若干影响至今的著名作品。然而就对夏商周三代的总体认识而言,两千多年来却少有进展②。20世纪,是传统中国学术发生彻底变革的世纪。人们常常以胡适等 Liang Qichao and Qian Mu wrote the works of “Academic History of China in the Past Three Hundred Years” respectively in the 1920s and 1930s. According to them, if the contributions made by the Chinese historians throughout history, philology, philology and anthropology were collectively referred to as academic, then the research related to the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties should be the main content of Chinese academics. From the pre-Qin philosophers to the Qianghua School, the intellectuals of all ages have tried their utmost to shift their hearts and left a great deal of research work on the three generations, and have also produced some famous works that have had an impact so far. However, as far as the general knowledge of the Xia and Shang Dynasties is concerned, there have been seldom advances in more than two thousand years. The twentieth century is a century of radical change in the traditional Chinese academic tradition. People often use Hu Shi et al