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近年来,中国铁路基础设施得到了长足发展,路网规模、路网结构、技术等级等都有了较大程度的提升。在基础设施建设的强力推动下,相关铁路机车车辆技术装备水平、信息化、运营管理体制得到明显改善,铁路技术创新能力也得到一定程度的孵化和培育。建立完善公共投资制度对铁路基础设施建设良性运转具有重要意义。在目前公共投资制度相对缺位的情况下,我国铁路运输系统发展出了一系列替代机制,以“部省协议”为代表的合资铁路机制、以大秦铁路为代表的上市融资机制、以“政企合一”为代表的内源性融资机制等,都是带有公共投资制度特征的制度安排。
In recent years, China’s railway infrastructure has made great strides, and the scale of the road network, the road network structure and the technical level have been greatly improved. With the strong impetus of infrastructure construction, the railway rolling stock technology and equipment level, informatization and operation management system have been significantly improved, and the railway technological innovation capability has also been hatched and nurtured to a certain extent. Establishing and perfecting the public investment system is of great significance to the healthy operation of railway infrastructure construction. Under the current absence of public investment system, a series of alternative mechanisms have been developed in China’s railway transportation system. The joint-venture railway mechanism represented by the “ministerial agreement”, the listing and financing mechanism represented by Daqin Railway, “Endogenous financing mechanism represented by the combination of government and enterprises ” are institutional arrangements with the characteristics of the public investment system.