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目的探讨口服活性炭对急性阿维菌素(Abamectin,ABM)中毒家兔的治疗效果。方法将家兔随机分为6组:A组,低剂量染毒未干预组;B组,低剂量染毒20 min干预组;C组,低剂量染毒2 h干预组;D组,高剂量染毒未干预组;E组,高剂量染毒干预组;F组,溶媒对照组。低剂量为中毒剂量,是不引起受试对象(实验动物)出现死亡的最高剂量,即最大可耐受剂量(maximal tolerance dose,MTD或LD0或LC0),染毒剂量为5 mg/kg;高剂量为致死剂量,在该剂量下,动物多在6 h内死亡,染毒剂量为10 mg/kg。低剂量组各组家兔于染毒后不同时相采集血液并获取全脑组织,用高效液相色谱-荧光检测法检测血浆及脑中阿维菌素浓度,绘制并计算毒代动力学曲线和相关参数;观察高剂量组家兔中毒体征和死亡情况并做出相关评分。结果低剂量组家兔间阿维菌素血浆浓度变化趋势和主要代谢动力学参数均有明显不同,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中B、C两组的曲线下面积(AUC)分别只有A组的69%和58.8%,但清除率(Plasma clearance,CL)较A组提高了将近一倍,在峰浓度(peak concentration,Cmax)方面,B、C两组数值也比A组明显减低,差异有显著性;高剂量染毒组中,D组家兔中枢神经系统抑制体征严重,步态评分、肌束颤动评分、抽搐首发时间、抽搐分级以及死亡时间、死亡率等均明显高于E组。结论口服活性炭可以明显减少阿维菌素在家兔体内的吸收,并加快阿维菌素在家兔体内的代谢,从而减轻家兔中毒体征,降低死亡率。
Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of oral activated carbon on rabbits with acute abamectin (ABM) poisoning. Methods The rabbits were randomly divided into 6 groups: group A, low-dose non-intervention group; group B, low-dose treatment for 20 min; group C, low- The rats in group E were exposed to high dose radiation, group F and vehicle control group. The low dose is the toxic dose, which is the highest dose that does not cause death in the test subject (experimental animal), ie, the maximum tolerable dose (MTD or LDO or LC0) at a dose of 5 mg / kg; The dose was a lethal dose at which animals died within 6 h at a dose of 10 mg / kg. The rabbits in the low dose group were taken blood at different time after exposure to acquire the whole brain tissue. The concentrations of abamectin in plasma and brain were detected by HPLC-fluorescence detection, and the toxicokinetic curves were calculated and calculated And related parameters; observation of high-dose group of rabbits poisoning signs and deaths and make the relevant score. Results The changes of eprinomectin plasma concentrations and the main pharmacokinetic parameters of rabbits in low dose group were significantly different (P <0.05), and the area under curve (AUC ) Were only 69% and 58.8% respectively in group A, but the plasma clearance (CL) nearly doubled in group A, and in terms of peak concentration (Cmax), the values in groups B and C were also lower than those in group A Group was significantly lower, the difference was significant; high-dose exposure group, D group of rabbit central nervous system depression signs, gait score, fibrillation score, convulsive first episode, convulsions grading and death time, mortality and so on Obviously higher than E group. Conclusion Oral activated carbon can significantly reduce the absorption of abamectin in rabbits and accelerate the metabolism of avermectin in rabbits so as to reduce the signs and reduce the mortality of rabbits.