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人类免疫缺陷病毒Ⅰ型(HIV-1)中和抗体在防止病毒感染方面起到重要作用。最近的研究表明,中和抗体也能协同细胞免疫应答延缓感染者的疾病进程。HIV-1中和抗体主要通过结合HIV-1感染细胞过程中暴露的各种中间结构而干扰HIV-1进入靶细胞,从而阻断感染的发生。同时,病毒通过变异和外膜糖蛋白(Env)的高度糖基化发生免疫逃逸。目前中和抗体的检测主要依赖于体外中和试验,近年来研究者不断对该试验方案进行优化和标准化。对中和抗体作用的相关机制的逐渐阐明、相关检测技术的发展,必将推进疫苗研究的发展,并为疫苗评价提供新的可信的实验依据。
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) neutralizing antibodies play an important role in preventing viral infections. Recent studies have shown that neutralizing antibodies can also delay cellular immunity in an infected person’s disease process. HIV-1 neutralizing antibody interferes HIV-1 into target cells mainly by binding various intermediate structures exposed in HIV-1 infected cells, thereby blocking the infection. At the same time, the virus escapes immune escape through mutations and high glycosylation of the outer envelope glycoprotein (Env). Currently, the detection of neutralizing antibodies mainly depends on the in vitro neutralization test. In recent years, the researchers continuously optimize and standardize the test protocol. The gradual elucidation of the mechanism of neutralizing antibodies and the development of related detection technologies will certainly promote the development of vaccine research and provide new credible experimental evidences for vaccine evaluation.