尿路子宫内膜异位症虽然少见,但其起病隐袭,常无典型临床症状,不易得到确诊,而且可以引起尿路梗阻,导致肾功能丧失。其发病机理有化生学说、胚胎学说及播散学说等。膀胱子宫内膜异位症常表现为尿频、尿痛、血尿三联症。输尿管子宫内膜异位症常为单侧,梗阻常在远端1/3。膀胱镜检查对诊断最有价值,病史、查体、IVP 及“B”超等检查对诊断亦有帮助,其治疗主要是根据病人具体情况选择药物、放疗或手术治疗。 Although rare urinary tract endometriosis, but its insidious onset, often without typical clinical symptoms, not easy to get diagnosed, and can cause urinary tract obstruction, leading to loss of renal function. The pathogenesis of metaplasia theory, embryology theory and dissemination theory. Bladder endometriosis often showed frequent urination, dysuria, hematuria triad. Ureteral endometriosis often unilateral obstruction often in the distal 1/3. Cystoscopy is most valuable for diagnosis. History, physical examination, IVP and “B ” ultrasonography are also helpful in the diagnosis. The treatment is mainly based on the patient’s choice of medicine, radiotherapy or surgery.