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化肥是支援农业生产的重要生产资料。据统计,化肥在农业增产中的作用占到40%,即每使用1吨化肥可增产粮食1.5吨。但是,近年来在全国粮食喜获丰收的同时,长期苦于产量不足的化肥行业,目前却陷入了产品积压、效益滑坡的困境。仅1997年上半年,化肥企业产品库存就高达800多万吨,化肥企业亏损面占48.5%,亏损额达9.6亿元。化肥企业的生存与发展面临着严峻挑战。当前化肥生产和销售困难的原因很多,除宏观调控不合理、价格不到位,近几年出现的卖粮难,农民种粮积极性受挫,影响化肥销售外,主要还包括以下几个方面:
Fertilizer is an important means of production to support agricultural production. According to statistics, the role of chemical fertilizers in agricultural production accounts for 40%, that is, 1.5 tons of grain can be produced per ton of fertilizer. However, in recent years, while the grain harvest in China has enjoyed a bumper harvest, the fertiliser industry, which suffers from insufficient production for a long time, has now fallen into the dilemma of product backlog and efficiency decline. In the first half of 1997 alone, chemical fertilizer companies had an inventory of more than 8 million tons, fertilizer companies accounted for 48.5% of the deficit, and losses amounted to 960 million yuan. The survival and development of fertilizer companies face severe challenges. There are many reasons for the current difficulties in fertilizer production and sales. In addition to the unreasonable macroeconomic regulation and control, the lack of price, and the difficulties in selling grain in recent years, farmers’ enthusiasm for grain production has been frustrated, affecting the sales of chemical fertilizers, and mainly include the following aspects: