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目的探讨低出生体质量儿(LBWI)出生6个月、12个月时神经行为发育情况及影响因素。方法 2009年10月-2010年10月在本院出生后转入NICU的42例LBWI(LBWI组),同期在本院产科出生的健康足月新生儿(NBWI)51例(NBWI组),2组新生儿均于6个月、12个月时采用由中国科学院心理研究所和中国儿童发展中心(CDCC)合作制定的婴幼儿智能发育测验手册进行婴幼儿智能发育测试,比较智能发育指数(MDI)和心理运动发育指数(PDI),分析影响MDI和PDI神经行为发育的相关因素。调查内容包括姓名、性别、胎龄、日龄、出生体质量、娩出方式、家庭经济收入、父母文化程度、主要喂养方式、早期大小便训练、早期教育、游泳抚触等。结果 LBWI组在6个月时MDI和PDI与NBWI组比较差异均有统计学意义(t=2.893、2.082,P<0.01、0.05);LBWI组在12个月时MDI和PDI与NBWI组比较差异均有统计学意义(t=2.261、2.944,P<0.05、0.01)。回归分析显示,与MDI发育相关因素有胎龄、出生时体质量、娩出方式、家庭经济收入、父母文化程度、早期大小便训练、早期教育、游泳抚触。与PDI发育相关因素有出生时体质量、家庭经济收入、父亲文化程度、喂养方式、早期教育、游泳抚触。结论 LBWI组6个月、12月时神经行为发育仍落后于NBWI组,神经行为发育受多种因素影响。
Objective To investigate the neurobehavioral development and influencing factors of low birth weight children (LBWI) at 6 months and 12 months after birth. Methods From October 2009 to October 2010, 42 LBWI patients (LBWI group) who were born in NICU after birth and 51 healthy full-term newborns (NBWI) who were born in our hospital during the same period (NBWI group), 2 The infants’ intelligence development test was conducted at 6 months and 12 months with the intelligence development test manual for infants and young children developed by Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China Children’s Development Center (CDCC). The comparison of MDI ) And psychomotor developmental index (PDI), and to analyze the related factors that influence the neurobehavioral development of MDI and PDI. The survey included name, sex, gestational age, age, birth weight, mode of delivery, family income, parental education, primary feeding, early urinalysis, early education, swimming and touching. Results The differences of MDI, PDI and NBWI between the LBWI group and the NBWI group at 6 months were statistically significant (t = 2.893, 2.082, P <0.01, 0.05). There was significant difference between the LBWI group and the NBWI group at 12 months All were statistically significant (t = 2.261,2.944, P <0.05,0.01). Regression analysis showed that the factors associated with the development of MDI are gestational age, body mass at birth, mode of delivery, family income, parental education, early urination training, early education, swimming and touching. Factors associated with the development of PDI are birth weight, family income, father’s education, feeding, early education, swimming touch. Conclusions The neurobehavioral development in LBWI group lags behind that in NBWI group at 6 months and 12 months. The neurobehavioral development is affected by many factors.