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我国养犬数量庞大,狂犬病死亡人数位居世界第二。犬咬伤后常常引发严重纠纷,如何从犬在衣物、伤口所遗留的唾液斑来鉴定伤人犬是解决纠纷的重要突破点。在鉴定唾液斑是否来自嫌疑犬的过程中,微卫星是最有效的遗传标记。目前国外用于犬同一性鉴定的微卫星组合、复合PCR体系、等位基因标准化命名、地方种群群体数据调查等工作已经完成,形成了标准化的鉴定流程,而且所需微卫星分析和唾液斑DNA提取试剂实现了商品化。我国在这方面的工作还非常不足,应尽快借鉴国外的经验,建立起完善的、标准化的犬同一性鉴定技术,以满足犬伤人案件的鉴定需求。
The number of dogs in our country is huge, and the number of rabies deaths ranks second in the world. Dog bites often lead to serious disputes, how to identify dogs in the clothing, wound saliva spots to identify dogs is an important breakthrough to resolve disputes. Microsatellites are the most effective genetic markers in identifying saliva plaques from suspected dogs. At present, the microsatellite combinations, multiplex PCR systems, standardized alleles names and population data of local populations have been completed in foreign countries to form a standardized identification process. The microsatellite analysis and saliva DNA Extraction of reagents to achieve commercialization. Our country’s work in this area is still not enough. As soon as possible, we should learn from the experience of other countries and establish a sound and standardized dog identification technology to meet the identification needs of dog wounding cases.