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对实际观测资料作分析后,发现黄土丘陵沟壑区的沟道具有独特的输沙特性,即无论流域面积大小,都存在一个与流域面积大小有关的临界流量;并以此临界流量为界,水沙关系分成两个不同规律的区域,Q_(?)=KQ~n,n≈1和n>1。与临界流量对应的含沙量称为临界含沙量,无论是涨峰或落峰,只要水流含沙量高于临界含沙量,输沙规律都一致。文中推导出两种规律的力学关系式,并应用所得成果计算了一场洪水的输沙过程,计算数据与实测数据非常接近。最后阐述了沟道输沙特性与流域治理措施的关系。
After analyzing the observed data, it is found that the channel in the Loess Hilly and Gully Region has a unique sediment transport characteristic. That is, there is a critical flow rate related to the size of the drainage area irrespective of the size of the drainage area. With this critical flow rate as a boundary, water The sand relations are divided into two different regular regions, Q _ (?) = KQ ~ n, n ≈ 1 and n> 1. The sediment concentration corresponding to the critical flow is called the critical sediment concentration. Whether it is a rising peak or a falling peak, as long as the sediment concentration in the water stream is higher than the critical sediment concentration, the sediment transport laws are the same. The paper deduces the mechanical relationship between the two laws, and calculates the sediment transport process of a flood using the results obtained. The calculated data is very close to the measured data. Finally, the relationship between channel sediment transport characteristics and watershed management measures is elaborated.