目的探讨儿童单纯性血尿的病理类型。方法对67例临床诊断为单纯性血尿的患儿进行肾组织活检,并行光镜、电镜和免疫荧光检查。结果本组单纯性血尿肾脏病理类型最常见的依次为IgA肾病22例(32.8%)、系膜增生性肾小球肾炎17例(25.3%)和毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎8例(11.9%)。结论本组资料单纯性血尿最常见的病理类型是IgA肾病,其次是系膜增生性肾小球肾炎、毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎。 Objective To investigate the pathological types of simple hematuria in children. Methods Sixty-seven children with clinically diagnosed simple hematuria were examined for renal biopsy and examined by light microscopy, electron microscopy and immunofluorescence. Results The most common pathological types of renal hematuria in this group were as follows: 22 cases (32.8%) of IgA nephropathy, 17 cases (25.3%) of mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis and 8 cases of capillary proliferative glomerulonephritis 11.9%). Conclusion The most common pathological type of hematuria in this group is IgA nephropathy, followed by mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis and capillary proliferative glomerulonephritis.