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目的探讨儿童自闭症发生的危险因素,为自闭症儿童的早期预防和干预提供理论基础。方法 2010年6月-2011年12月在上海市儿童医院儿童保健所就诊的儿童,经3名主治医师以上的专业医师共同确诊,符合美国精神障碍诊断和统计手册(The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV,DSM-IV)诊断标准的自闭症儿童101例,同时收集正常对照儿童101例,性别和年龄分别与自闭症组匹配,由监护人填写儿童家庭社会环境调查问卷。应用t检验和χ2检验进行单因素分析,应用Logistic回归进行多因素分析。结果 Logistic回归分析进入方程的变量中,性别(OR=10.640,P<0.01)、6个月前非母乳喂养(OR=2.952,P<0.01)、孕期患感染性疾病(OR=2.042,P<0.01)、出生时有高危因素(OR=1.189,P<0.01)及父母每天陪宝宝说话或者游戏的时间(OR=0.179,P<0.05)5个变量有统计学意义。结论性别为男性、6个月前非母乳喂养、母孕期患感染性疾病、出生时有高危因素是儿童患自闭症的主要危险因素,父母每天陪宝宝说话或者游戏的时间>1h是保护因素。
Objective To explore the risk factors of children with autism and provide a theoretical basis for the early prevention and intervention of children with autism. Methods From June 2010 to December 2011, children attending the Children’s Hospital of Shanghai Children’s Hospital were jointly diagnosed by more than three attending physicians and met the criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders -IV and DSM-IV), and 101 children with autistic spectrum were collected. 101 children with normal control were collected. Gender and age were matched with those of autism group. The guardian filled in questionnaire of social environment of children and family. Univariate analysis using t-test and χ2 test, multivariate analysis using Logistic regression. Results Logistic regression analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups (OR = 10.640, P <0.01), 6 months before breastfeeding (OR = 2.952, P <0.01) (OR = 0.179, P <0.05). The five variables were statistically significant at the risk of being born (OR = 1.189, P <0.01) and the time when the parents were talking to the baby or playing games. Conclusions The sex is male, non-breastfeeding 6 months ago, infectious disease in the first trimester, high risk factors at birth are the main risk factors for children with autism. Parents talking to their babies every day or playing games for more than 1 hour is the protective factor .