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目的研究洪涝灾区肾综合征出血热(HFRS,简称“出血热”)流行特征,为洪涝灾区出血热防制工作提供科学依据。方法通过对灾区、非灾区的人间、鼠间疫情的监测,预测洪涝灾区HFRS的流行趋势,并有针对地实施控制措施。结果洪涝灾害期间灾区室内、野外的鼠密度分别为9.07%(64/706)、12.05%(54/448),明显高于同期非灾区的鼠密度(P<0.01);整个灾区检鼠肺118份,带病毒率2.54%,带病毒鼠指数0.05,其中阜南县灾区监测点指数为0.112;非灾区检鼠肺28份,均阴性。在灾区采取防制措施后,恢复期、灾后的鼠密度分为2.22%(39/1758)、1.52%(23/1 517),均低于非灾区同期的鼠密度(P恢复期<0.01,P灾后<0.05)。灾前1年、灾后1年灾区的HFRS发病率分别为1.01/10万(26例)、0.33/10万(9例);同期全市HFRS的发病率分别为0.81/10万、0.76/10万。结论洪涝灾害会引起灾区局部鼠密度增加,易引起出血热流行。当鼠密度指数≥0.1时,采取以灭鼠、防鼠为主的综合性防制措施,可有效控制出血热流行。
Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in flood-stricken areas and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of hemorrhagic fever in flooded areas. Methods The epidemic situation of human beings and rats in disaster-stricken areas and non-disaster-affected areas was monitored to predict the epidemic trend of HFRS in flood-prone areas and control measures were implemented. Results The indoor and outdoor rat densities in flood disaster were 9.07% (64/706) and 12.05% (54/448), respectively, which were significantly higher than those in non-disaster areas (P <0.01) , With a virus rate of 2.54% and a viral mouse index of 0.05, in which the Funan County disaster area monitoring point index was 0.112; 28 non-disaster area rodent lungs were negative. After the control measures were taken in the affected areas, the rat densities during the recovery and post-disaster phases were 2.22% (39/1758) and 1.52% (23/1 517), respectively, which were lower than those during the same period (P <0.01, P <0.05 after the disaster). The incidence of HFRS in 1 year after the disaster was 1.01 / 100,000 (26 cases) and 0.33 / 10 million (9 cases) in the first year after the disaster. The incidence of HFRS in the same period was 0.81 / 100,000 and 0.76 / 100,000 respectively . Conclusion Flood disasters can cause the increase of local rat density in the disaster area and lead to the epidemic of hemorrhagic fever. When the rat density index ≥ 0.1, to take rodent control, anti-rat based comprehensive control measures, can effectively control the epidemic of hemorrhagic fever.