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在当代中国,比较法社会学还是一个较新的课题。因而,对该门学科中的概念、范畴及一些基础性问题的研究是必要的,也是有意义的。本文首先从西方法社会学中的国家法与非国家法、书本上的法与行动中的法之间的区别,对法学意义上的法与社会学意义上的法作了较为明确的阐释。其次,作者就比较法社会学的方法问题进行了深入的探讨,分析了经验方法、社会科学方法在法社会学研究中的意义及局限,特别是关于在利用统计资料中确立指标体系的意义及其缺限,发表了意见。再次,作者就社会因素时立法、诉讼等方面的影响进行了研究,认为不论是东方还是西方,社会因素都不同程度地影响着法的运行。又次,作者的又一个重要议题是法的现代化及其途径问题,从比较法社会学的角度,对法的现代化的标准问题发表了观点,对于法的现代化的途径,作者区分了西方模式与东亚模式,提出了“关系”与“法治”在法的发展中的不同地位及作用,认为以日本为代表的东亚国家走的是一条限制诉讼和提倡调解的“小司法”的法制发展道路,而以美国为代表的西方国家则走的是以法院审判为中心的“大司法”的道路。另外,作者还就比较法社会学中的其他问题,如法实现过程中的法律、自由裁量与交易之间的关系,影响守法的社会因素等问题作了重要研究。
In contemporary China, comparative sociology is still a relatively new topic. Therefore, it is necessary and meaningful to study the concept, category and some basic problems in this discipline. This article first makes a clearer explanation of the legal and sociological significance of the law from the differences between the law of the west and the law of the non-state in sociology of law and the law in the book and the law in action. Secondly, the author makes an in-depth discussion on the methodology of comparative sociology of law and analyzes the significance and limitations of empirical methods and social science methods in the research of sociology of law, especially the significance of establishing the index system in the use of statistical data and Its shortcomings, made a comment. Thirdly, the author studies the impact of legislation, lawsuits and other aspects of social factors, and believes that the social factors affect the operation of the law to varying degrees, whether in the East or in the West. Thirdly, another important topic of the author is the issue of the modernization of the law and its approaches. From the perspective of sociology of comparative law, the author makes a point of view on the standardization of the law of modernization. As for the way of the modernization of law, the author distinguishes between the Western model and the East Asia model proposed the different status and role of “relationship ” and “rule of law ” in the development of law. It is believed that East Asian countries represented by Japan take a “small justice ”The path of legal development, while the United States as the representative of the Western countries are taking the court trial as the center “ big justice ”road. In addition, the author also made an important study on other issues in sociology of comparative law, such as the law in the process of legal realization, the relationship between discretion and transaction, and the social factors that affect law-abiding.