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一西方美学的源头,是古代希腊。在古希腊哲学的残篇断简中,曾记载着一些关于美的论述。象毕达哥拉斯论美与比例,赫拉克利特论美与和谐,德谟克利特论美与热情,苏格拉底论美与善等等,这些只言片语都只是对美的事物的一些即兴感想。而作为美的本体论形态出现的美学,则始于柏拉图。美的问题是柏拉图哲学中的兴奋点之一。美的理念是一个与“善”、“公正”等为柏拉图所经常提及的重要理念。柏拉图认为,真正的美“并不是表现于某一个面孔,某一双手,或是身体的某一其他部分;它也不是存在于某一篇文章,某一种学问,或是任何某一个别物体,例如动物,大地或天空之类;它只是永恒地自存自在,以形式的整一永与它自身同一;一切美的事物都以它为源泉,有了它那一切美的事物才成其为美”,这个“永恒的,无始无终,不生不灭,不增不减的”美,就是美的理念,也即美的本体。这个美的本体究竟是什么?
A source of western aesthetics is ancient Greece. In the remnants of ancient Greek philosophy, some accounts of beauty were recorded. Like Pythagoreans on beauty and proportion, Heraclitus’s beauty and harmony, Democritus on beauty and passion, Socrates on beauty and so on, these few words are only some of the improvisation of the beautiful things . Aesthetics that appears as the ontological form of beauty begins with Plato. The problem of beauty is one of the excitement in Platonic philosophy. The concept of beauty is an important concept often referred to by Plato for being “good” and “fair”. Plato believes that true beauty “is not manifested in one face, one pair of hands, or some other part of the body; nor does it exist in an article, in a science, or in any particular object Such as animals, the earth, or the sky; it is only eternally self-contained, so that the whole form of oneness is always the same as itself; and all the good things come from it, and everything with its beauty becomes its beauty ”This“ beauty of eternity, endlessness, immortality and non-diminishment ”is the idea of beauty, that is, the beautiful body. What is this beautiful body?