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激光复合焊接综合了激光焊和电弧焊的优点,使其成为船用大厚度钢板高效焊接最有前景的方法之一。研究了船用钢板的高功率CO2激光焊接工艺,重点分析了保护气体成分对焊缝化学成分的影响,激光与电弧间距对焊接过程稳定性的影响。在工艺参数优化的基础上实现14 mm厚10Ni3CrMoV钢板的高功率激光T型结构焊接。获得的焊缝通过X光探伤检验,没有发现裂纹,存在少量不连续的小气孔。采用光学显微镜分析了焊接接头微观组织,结果表明,微观组织显示了焊接接头较好的综合力学性能,尤其是经历重熔与热处理后的焊缝组织发生明显细化。测试了焊接接头不同部位的硬度,焊接接头最大硬度小于360 HV,符合船用技术要求。
Laser clad welding combines the advantages of laser and arc welding, making it one of the most promising methods for efficient welding of large thick-gauge marine steel. The high-power CO2 laser welding process for marine steel plates was studied. The influence of the protective gas composition on the chemical composition of the weld and the influence of laser and arc spacing on the stability of the welding process were analyzed. High-power laser T-structure welding of 14 mm thick 10Ni3CrMoV steel plate is realized on the basis of optimization of process parameters. The obtained weld passes the X-ray inspection and no cracks are found. There is a small amount of non-continuous small pores. The microstructure of the welded joints was analyzed by optical microscope. The results showed that the microstructures showed good mechanical properties of the welded joints, especially the microstructure of the welded joints after remelting and heat treatment were obviously refined. The hardness of different parts of the welded joint was tested. The maximum hardness of the welded joint was less than 360 HV, which was in line with the marine technical requirements.