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根据20cm直径水面蒸发皿观测的塑料大棚内水面蒸发量的累积值(Ep)确定滴灌水分处理1.1Ep、1.3Ep、1.5Ep和1.7Ep,研究不同土壤水分状况对大棚马铃薯水氮渗漏淋洗及水氮利用效率的影响。结果表明,对于浅根系作物马铃薯的全生育期,随着灌水量的增大,土壤根系下60cm水分渗漏量呈增大趋势,累积渗漏量从1.1Ep至1.7Ep处理分别占相应灌水量的41%~55%,氮素的淋洗量为施肥量的10%~30%;0~60cm土壤厚度范围内土壤氮素残留量在低灌溉1.1Ep和1.3Ep水分处理下呈倒“V”型变化趋势,而1.5Ep和1.7Ep高灌溉量处理呈“S”型变化趋势。以1.7Ep灌水量处理土壤中氮素的降低程度最大;植株不同器官氮素累积量变化趋势是氮素在叶片中的累积量呈下降趋势,后期氮素主要转移累积于地下块茎部位;以1.5Ep处理植株氮素含量最高,为203.12kg/hm~2,并且该处理大棚马铃薯产量及水氮利用效率均最高。
According to the accumulated value (Ep) of water evaporation in plastic greenhouse observed by a 20 cm diameter water surface evaporating dish, the drip irrigation treatments of 1.1Ep, 1.3Ep, 1.5Ep and 1.7Ep were carried out to study the effects of different soil moisture conditions on water and nitrogen leakage in the greenhouse And water and nitrogen utilization efficiency. The results showed that for the whole growth period of the shallow root crops, the leakage of 60cm water under the root system increased with the increase of the irrigation amount, and the accumulated leakage from 1.1Ep to 1.7Ep accounted for the corresponding irrigation volume , And the leaching amount of nitrogen was 10% ~ 30% of the fertilization amount. The soil nitrogen residues in the soil thickness range of 0 ~ 60cm were reversed under the treatments of 1.1Ep and 1.3Ep of low irrigation, V “type trend, while 1.5Ep and 1.7Ep high irrigation amount treatment showed ” S "type trend. The highest decrease of nitrogen in soil was observed with 1.7Ep irrigation. The trend of nitrogen accumulation in different organs of plant was that the accumulation of nitrogen decreased in the leaves, and the accumulation of nitrogen mainly accumulated in underground tubers in late stage. Ep treatment plant nitrogen content of the highest, 203.12kg / hm ~ 2, and the treatment of greenhouse potatoes yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency are the highest.