在战后日本的资本主义的发展迅猛的背景下,企业大小规模的差距也迅速扩大,现代化的大企业与建立在近代劳资关系的中小企业之间出现两极对立,由此引发了政府、企业以及理论界对“双重结构论”问题的激烈讨论,日本政府当局也把纠正双重结构为目标,先后采取了一系列政策,推动了中小企业自由经济活动的发展。本文主要是对日本认识和消除双重结构的过程进行的分析,以期对我国构建和完善中小企业扶持体系能有所启示和借鉴,进而促进我国中小企业实现健康、持续和快速发展。 Against the background of the rapid development of postwar Japan’s capitalism, the gap between enterprises in size and size has also rapidly expanded. As a result, there has been a bipolar confrontation between the modernized large enterprises and the small and medium-sized enterprises established in the modern labor relations. As a result, governments, enterprises, Theorists have heatedly discussed the issue of “double structure ” and the Japanese government authorities have also taken the aim of rectifying the dual structure and successively adopted a series of policies to promote the development of free economic activities for SMEs. This article mainly analyzes Japan’s process of recognizing and eliminating dual structures in order to provide some inspiration and references for our country to build and perfect the supporting system for SMEs, so as to promote the healthy, sustained and rapid development of SMEs in our country.