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目的了解学生寒假家庭视力自测情况和假期用眼行为情况,为近视防治工作提供科学依据。方法选取朝阳区视力不良率最高的前10所小学的学生共4 032名,采用统一编制的假期作业和标准对数视力表,进行学生视力家庭自测和用眼行为家长评估。结果 97.8%的家长认为防近视假期作业对自己和孩子有益,第1,2,3,4,5,6周,学生家庭自测视力不良率分别为48.9%,50.6%,52.1%,53.6%,55.1%和54.5%。10项用眼行为中,评分平均值最低的3个依次是看电视计算机每次连续时间不超过30 min(7.35±2.45)分、看电视计算机每天累计不宜超过1 h(7.46±2.51)分和三个一的读写姿势(7.87±2.00)分。第1~4周自测视力正常学生的用眼行为总评分(84.01±14.54)高于自测视力不良学生(79.52±16.34),差异有统计学意义(t=2.74,P<0.05)。结论假期是学生视力保护的关键时机,防近视假期作业具有重要意义和可行性。学校防近工作需要重视对学生家长假期前的健康教育。
Objective To understand the situation of students’ self-assessment of eyesight during the winter vacation and the behavior of their eyes during the holidays, so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of myopia. Methods A total of 4 032 students from the top 10 primary schools with the highest rate of visual impairment in Chaoyang District were enrolled in this study. The uniformed holiday homework and standard logarithmic visual acuity chart were used to assess the students’ eyesight home self-test and eye-using behavior. Results 97.8% of the parents think that the anti-myopia holiday homework is good for themselves and their children. The rate of poor family self-assessment of vision after school is 48.9%, 50.6%, 52.1%, 53.6% , 55.1% and 54.5% respectively. Among the 10 eye behaviors, the average scores of the three lowest scores were followed by watching TV computers for no more than 30 minutes (7.35 ± 2.45) minutes and watching TV computers for more than 1 hour (7.46 ± 2.51) points per day and Three one read and write position (7.87 ± 2.00) points. The total score of ocular behavior (84.01 ± 14.54) in self-rated visual acuity students from week 1 to week 4 was significantly higher than that of self-rated illiterate students (79.52 ± 16.34) (t = 2.74, P <0.05). Conclusion Holidays are the key time for the students’ eyesight protection. The anti-myopia holiday operation is of great significance and feasibility. School preventive work should pay attention to the parents’ health education before the holiday.