制造可见光和近红外区的三维光子晶体远比制造它们的二维类似物困难得多，二维光子晶体是采用传统的和全息光刻技术生成的。生成三维光子晶体的方法已被开发出多种，包括聚合物球体的自组配和光刻模型层的堆积等。然而第一种方法无法实现从一个样品到下个样品的完全重复，第二 The manufacture of three-dimensional photonic crystals in the visible and near-infrared regions is far more difficult than the manufacture of their two-dimensional analogues, which are generated using conventional and holographic lithography. Methods for generating three-dimensional photonic crystals have been developed in a variety of ways, including self-assembly of polymer spheres and build-up of lithographic modeling layers. However, the first method fails to achieve complete repetition from one sample to the next, and secondly