论文部分内容阅读
背景:用儿童的结核菌素调查评价国家或地区的感染率时通常应用多阶段调查设计。这些调查需要在每个阶段的亚单位采用有效的抽样方法。目的:制定结核菌素调查抽样的指南。设计:应用抽样理论制定一个简单而有效的抽样方法来计划和分析结核菌素调查。样本大小的问题应予考虑。结果:制定了感染率和其可信区间的计算公式。讨论了样本大小。结论:我们建议用样本比例大小的抽样方法抽取区,这样有较大可能性将较大的单位包括在样本中。一个区内的每个学校有同样的可能性被包括在样本中,则采用单纯随机抽样方法进行学校抽样。每个学校所有符合条件的儿童均做皮内(Mantoux)试验。每个区试验的儿童人数应大致恒定,增加抽取区的数量要比每个区增加几百到几千儿童的数量更有效的提高估算的准确性。
Background. A multistage survey design is commonly used to assess the prevalence of infection in a country using the tuberculin test in children. These surveys require that effective sampling be used at each stage of the subunit. Purpose: To develop guidelines for the sampling of tuberculin surveys. Design: Apply sampling theory to develop a simple and efficient sampling method to plan and analyze tuberculin surveys. The size of the sample should be considered. Results: The formula for calculating the infection rate and its confidence interval was developed. The sample size is discussed. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend sampling regions using a sample-size sampling method, so there is a good chance that larger units will be included in the sample. Each school in a district has the same possibility of being included in the sample, then a simple random sampling method is used for school sampling. All eligible children in each school were given Mantoux test. The number of children tested in each district should be approximately constant, increasing the number of extraction zones more effectively than increasing the number of children by a few hundred to a few thousand in each district.