在苏维埃时期,跟苏联其它加盟共和国的情况一样,哈萨克斯坦的公民被认为主要由工人、农民、知识分子这三类群体组成。当然还有军人、青年学生、退休者、国家行政干部等其他群体。因为阶级消灭了,这些群体均被视为是同一利益的代表,都为“兄弟同胞”。人们的阶级意识荡然无存。 但在现实生活中还有所谓“上流社会”(亦称“上层社会”)与“普通百姓”之分。其中,前者是指由和国家高级官员、高级知识分子、革命元老等组成的特定利益阶层。后者是指以“广大的工人农民知识分子”为代表的“劳动大众”。前者之所似能称为“上流社会”的代表,是因为这部份人手里掌握着国家职权(高级官员),享有由拥有特定专业所长而派生的社会地位或头衔(高级知识分子),誉受特殊的社会爱戴(革 In the Soviet era, like the rest of the Soviet Union, the citizens of Kazakhstan are considered to consist mainly of three groups, namely workers, peasants and intellectuals. Of course there are other groups such as military personnel, young students, retirees and state administration cadres. Because of the elimination of classes, these groups are all regarded as representatives of the same interests, all of whom are “brothers and sisters.” People’s class consciousness is gone. But in real life there are so-called “upper classes” (also known as “upper class”) and “common people”. Among them, the former refers to the special interest group composed of senior officials, senior intellectuals and revolutionary elders. The latter refers to the “working masses” represented by “vast numbers of worker peasant intellectuals.” The former can be described as “upper-class” because it has the state authority (senior officials) in its possession, the social status or title (senior intellectuals) derived from having a particular professional director, Favored by a special social love (leather